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Antimatter
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Author(s): Oliver Mathiak, Lars Reichwein, and Alexander PukhovThe separation of matter and antimatter in a plasma can be driven by the growth of the Weibel instability. The authors show this effect in a plasma of protons and antiprotons with a relativistic stream of electrons and positrons, by means of particle-in-cell simulations supported by analytical considerations. #AdvancingField #OpenDebate [Phys. Rev. E 112, 025208] Published Wed Aug 20, 2025
Neutrinos are extremely elusive elementary particles. Day and night, 60 billion of them stream from the sun through every square centimeter of Earth every second, which is transparent to them. After the first theoretical prediction of their existence, decades passed before they were actually detected. These experiments are usually extremely large to account for the very weak interaction of neutrinos with matter.
The first antimatter qubit will help search for differences between matter and antimatter
In its second antimatter breakthrough this month, CERN announced it successfully created the first-ever antimatter qubit, paving the way to even weirder quantum experiments.
In a breakthrough for antimatter research, the BASE collaboration at CERN has kept an antiproton—the antimatter counterpart of a proton—oscillating smoothly between two different quantum states for almost a minute while trapped. The achievement, reported in a paper published today in the journal Nature, marks the first demonstration of an antimatter quantum bit, or qubit, and paves the way for substantially improved comparisons between the behavior of matter and antimatter.
Observations at Cern bring us closer to answering a fundamental question about the universe. The post New Discovery Could Hint at Why Our Universe Is Made Up of Matter and Not Antimatter appeared first on SingularityHub.
The LHCb experiment has observed a new difference between matter and antimatter in particles called baryons
The first-known observations of matter–antimatter asymmetry in a decaying composite subatomic particle that belongs to the baryon class are reported from the LHCb experiment located at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. This effect, known as charge–parity (CP) violation, has been theoretically predicted, but hitherto escaped observation in baryons. The experimental verification of this asymmetry violation in baryons, published in Nature this week, is important as baryons make up most of the matter in the observable universe.
In a first, CERN physicists succeeded in observing matter-antimatter imbalance in baryons, fundamental particles that make up most of the observable universe.
Physicists working at the CERN particle physics lab said they detected a slight but significant difference in how particles of matter and antimatter decay.
Author(s): A. Mattera, A. A. Sonzogni, E. A. McCutchan, C. J. Sears, and C. BillingsNuclear reactors create copious amounts of antineutrinos, but calculating their spectrum is challenging because one must understand in great detail both the available nuclear data and which physics contributions are relevant. Accurate new experiments have shown a 5% neutrino deficit in the detected flux known as the “reactor antineutrino anomaly”, and an excess at 5 to 7 MeV. The authors explore the effect of one particular and so far not fully appreciated input, the ratio of fission yield from an isomeric state to the total yield, known as the isomeric yield ratio (IYR) and which reflects different endpoint energies of the antineutrino spectra. Examining newly evaluated IYRs, the authors find that the values for certain isotopes significantly increase the antineutrino spectrum around
Physicists are always searching for new theories to improve our understanding of the universe and resolve big unanswered questions.
Nature is the foremost international weekly scientific journal in the world and is the flagship journal for Nature Portfolio. It publishes the finest peer-reviewed research in all fields of science and technology on the basis of its originality, importance, interdisciplinary interest, timeliness, accessibility, elegance and surprising conclusions. Nature publishes landmark papers, award winning news, leading comment and expert opinion on important, topical scientific news and events that enable readers to share the latest discoveries in science and evolve the discussion amongst the global scientific community.
Neutrinos and antineutrinos are elementary particles with small but unknown mass. High-precision atomic mass measurements have revealed that beta decay of the silver-110 isomer has a strong potential to be used for the determination of electron antineutrino mass. The result is an important step paving the way for future antineutrino experiments.
Neutrinos and antineutrinos are elementary particles with small but unknown mass. High-precision atomic mass measurements at the Accelerator Laboratory of the University of Jyväskylä, Finland, have revealed that beta decay of the silver-110 isomer has a strong potential to be used for the determination of electron antineutrino mass. The result is an important step in paving the way for future antineutrino experiments.
Author(s): Panagiota Chatzidaki, Urban Eriksson, Sarah Zoechling, Sascha Schmeling, and Tobias FredlundThe article provides evidence-based recommendations in the form of a set of effective design principles that can be used as tools for evaluating and designing digital learning modules. [Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 21, 010143] Published Mon Apr 28, 2025
Author(s): Ryan WilkinsonExperiments at the Large Hadron Collider have revealed a previously unseen nucleus known as antihyperhelium-4. [Physics 18, s51] Published Wed Apr 23, 2025
Researchers at the Large Hadron Collider found evidence of an unprecedentedly heavy and exotic form of antimatter in the aftermath of a collision between extremely fast lead ions
Did you know that the camera sensor in your smartphone could help unlock the secrets of antimatter? The AEgIS collaboration, led by Professor Christoph Hugenschmidt's team from the research neutron source FRM II at the Technical University of Munich (TUM), has developed a detector using modified mobile camera sensors to image, in real time, the points where antimatter annihilates with matter.
On March 24, at the annual Rencontres de Moriond conference taking place in La Thuile, Italy, the LHCb collaboration at CERN reported a new milestone in our understanding of the subtle yet profound differences between matter and antimatter.
Analysing the aftermath of particle collisions has revealed two new instances of “CP violation”, a process that explains why our universe contains more matter than antimatter
Antimatter is a fascinating kind of matter made up of antiparticles, which have a mass equivalent to that of their normal matter counterparts, yet they exhibit an opposite charge and distinct quantum properties.
Author(s): N. Eugene Engelbrecht and R. Du Toit StraussThe spectrum of cosmic-ray antiprotons has been measured for a full solar cycle, which may allow a better understanding of the sources and transport mechanisms of these high-energy particles. [Physics 18, 19] Published Mon Feb 03, 2025
Author(s): M. Aguilar et al. (AMS Collaboration)The spectrum of cosmic-ray antiprotons has been measured for a full solar cycle, which may allow a better understanding of the sources and transport mechanisms of these high-energy particles. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 051002] Published Mon Feb 03, 2025
Nuclear fission is the most reliable source of antineutrinos, but they are difficult to characterize. A recent study suggests how their emission can be simulated most effectively.
Scientists at CERN's ALICE detector are replicating conditions found during the Big Bang, attempting to get to the bottom of how matter came to dominate over antimatter.
How do you find and measure nuclear particles, like antineutrinos, that travel near the speed of light?
In the Big Bang, matter and antimatter should have been created in equal amounts. But fast forward 13.8 billion years to the present day, and the universe is made almost entirely of matter, so something must have happened to create this imbalance.
Getting places in space quickly has been the goal of propulsion research for a long time. Rockets, our most common means of doing so, are great for providing lots of force but are extraordinarily inefficient. Other options like electric propulsion and solar sailing are efficient but offer measly amounts of force, albeit for a long time.
Getting places in space quickly has been the goal of propulsion research for a long time. Rockets, our most common means of doing so, are great for providing lots of force but extraordinarily inefficient. Other options like electric propulsion and solar sailing are efficient but offer measly amounts of force, albeit for a long time. … Continue reading "Antimatter Propulsion Is Still Far Away, But It Could Change Everything" The post Antimatter Propulsion Is Still Far Away, But It Could Change Everything appeared first on Universe Today.
Collisions between heavy ions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) create quark–gluon plasma, a hot and dense state of matter that is thought to have filled the universe around one millionth of a second after the Big Bang. Heavy-ion collisions also create suitable conditions for the production of atomic nuclei and exotic hypernuclei, as well as their antimatter counterparts, antinuclei and antihypernuclei.
New images show the rapidly rotating pulsar of the "Guitar Nebula" shooting out a gigantic cosmic plume of plasma, X-rays and supercharged particles spinning along a magnetic field line in interstellar space.
Scientists have recently identified electrons and positrons with the highest energies ever recorded on Earth. They provide evidence of cosmic processes emitting colossal amounts of energy, the origins of which are as yet unknown.
Antimatter might sound like something out of science fiction, but at the CERN Antiproton Decelerator (AD), scientists produce and trap antiprotons every day. The BASE experiment can even contain them for more than a year—an impressive feat considering that antimatter and matter annihilate upon contact.
Two new studies highlight the enigmatic nature of antimatter, revealing its potential role in both understanding the universe's origins and unlocking the secrets of particle physics.
A detector aboard the International Space Station found signatures of unexpectedly abundant antimatter – which may have been created in clashes of dark matter particles
Traces of antimatter in cosmic rays reopen the search for 'WIMPs' as dark matter.
One of the great challenges of modern cosmology is to reveal the nature of dark matter. We know it exists (it constitutes more than 85% of the matter in the universe), but we have never seen it directly and still do not know what it is.
Discerning whether a nuclear reactor is being used to also create material for nuclear weapons is difficult, but capturing and analyzing antimatter particles has shown promise for monitoring what specific nuclear reactor operations are occurring, even from hundreds of miles away. Researchers have developed a detector that exploits Cherenkov radiation, sensing antineutrinos and characterizing their energy profiles from miles away as a way of monitoring activity at nuclear reactors. They proposed to assemble their device in northeast England and detect antineutrinos from reactors from all over the U.K. as well as in northern France.
Nuclear fission reactors act as a key power source for many parts of the world and worldwide power capacity is expected to nearly double by 2050. One issue, however, is the difficulty of discerning whether a nuclear reactor is being used to also create material for nuclear weapons.
Author(s): Paweł MoskalThe quantum entanglement of photons used in positron emission tomography (PET) scans has been shown to be surprisingly robust, opening prospects for developing quantum-enhanced PET schemes. [Physics 17, 138] Published Wed Sep 25, 2024
Most atoms are made from positively charged protons, neutral neutrons and negatively charged electrons. Positronium is an exotic atom composed of a single negative electron and a positively charged antimatter positron. It is naturally very short-lived, but researchers including those from the University of Tokyo successfully cooled and slowed down samples of positronium using carefully tuned lasers.
Physicists have detected the heaviest antimatter atoms, bolstering antimatter theories and the search for dark matter.
In experiments at the Brookhaven National Lab in the US, an international team of physicists has detected the heaviest "anti-nuclei" ever seen. The tiny, short-lived objects are composed of exotic antimatter particles.
Scientists studying the tracks of particles streaming from six billion collisions of atomic nuclei at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) -- an 'atom smasher' that recreates the conditions of the early universe -- have discovered a new kind of antimatter nucleus, the heaviest ever detected. Composed of four antimatter particles -- an antiproton, two antineutrons, and one antihyperon -- these exotic antinuclei are known as antihyperhydrogen-4.
The newly found antiparticle, called antihyperhydrogen-4, could have a potential imbalance with its matter counterpart that may help scientists understand how our universe came to be.
Smashing gold nuclei together at high speeds billions of times has resulted in 16 particles of antihyperhydrogen-4, a very exotic and heavy form of antimatter
Scientists studying the tracks of particles streaming from six billion collisions of atomic nuclei at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC)—an "atom smasher" that recreates the conditions of the early universe—have discovered a new kind of antimatter nucleus, the heaviest ever detected. Composed of four antimatter particles—an antiproton, two antineutrons, and one antihyperon—these exotic antinuclei are known as antihyperhydrogen-4.
Author(s): Tomáš HusekThe rare pion decay to an electron/positron pair was measured by the KTeV collaboration, showing some tension with the Standard Model prediction, and is now being checked by the NA62 experiment. This paper reanalyzes and updates the radiative corrections needed for a precise theory prediction, as well as their role in the related Dalitz decay with an additional photon. [Phys. Rev. D 110, 033004] Published Thu Aug 15, 2024
Last week, at the biennial ICHEP conference, the AMBER experiment presented results from its first data-taking period. Taken in 2023, these results show preliminary plots of the antiproton's production cross section—the probability that antiprotons are produced when a beam of protons interacts with a helium target. Knowing more about how antiprotons are produced will help improve the sensitivity of searches for dark matter.
Why does the universe contain matter and (virtually) no antimatter? Scientists have achieved an experimental breakthrough in this context. It can contribute to measuring the mass and magnetic moment of antiprotons more precisely than ever before -- and thus identify possible matter-antimatter asymmetries. They have developed a trap, which can cool individual antiprotons much more rapidly than in the past.
Why does the universe contain matter and (virtually) no antimatter? The BASE international research collaboration at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) in Geneva, headed by Professor Dr. Stefan Ulmer from Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf (HHU), has achieved an experimental breakthrough in this context.
Author(s): B. M. Latacz, M. Fleck, J. I. Jäger, G. Umbrazunas, B. P. Arndt, S. R. Erlewein, E. J. Wursten, J. A. Devlin, P. Micke, F. Abbass, D. Schweitzer, M. Wiesinger, C. Will, H. Yildiz, K. Blaum, Y. Matsuda, A. Mooser, C. Ospelkaus, C. Smorra, A. Soter, W. Quint, J. Walz, Y. Yamazaki, and S. Ulmer (BASE Collaboration)The subthermal resistive cooling of a single trapped proton to temperatures below 200 mK in particle preparation times below 500s, about 100 times faster than reported before, was achieved using a double-Penning-trap system. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 133, 053201] Published Thu Aug 01, 2024
Subatomic particles colliding at nearly the speed of light may have produced a unique emission line in the brightest explosion ever observed.
Eight years ago, the International Space Station detected weird antimatter particles that challenge our entire understanding of physics. Now, researchers have proposed that mysterious cosmic "fireballs" could help explain the detection.
Author(s): E. Arthur-Baidoo, J. R. Danielson, C. M. Surko, J. P. Cassidy, S. K. Gregg, J. Hofierka, B. Cunningham, C. H. Patterson, and D. G. GreenThe authors present experimental data for annihilation spectra and binding energies for positron interactions with several aromatic and heterocyclic ring molecules. The results are compared with the predictions of an a b i n i t i o theory of positron binding with excellent agreement. [Phys. Rev. A 109, 062801]
Once a particle of matter, always a particle of matter. Or not. Thanks to a quirk of quantum physics, four known particles made up of two different quarks—such as the electrically neutral D meson composed of a charm quark and an up antiquark—can spontaneously oscillate into their antimatter partners and vice versa.
The AEgIS experiment at CERN has made a groundbreaking advancement by successfully demonstrating laser cooling of positronium (Ps), an exotic
AEgIS is one of several experiments at CERN's Antimatter Factory producing and studying antihydrogen atoms with the goal of testing with high precision whether antimatter and matter fall to Earth in the same way.
Positronium has the potential to revolutionise physics but the elusive substance had been too hot to handle.
Positronium has the potential to revolutionise physics but the elusive substance had been too hot to handle.
To understand why the universe is made of matter and not antimatter, physicists are looking for a tiny signal in the electron
Researchers from the School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences have published a new study exploring the use of positron emission particle tracking (PEPT) in a living subject for the first time.
Author(s): Kun Xue, Ting Sun, Ke-Jia Wei, Zhong-Peng Li, Qian Zhao, Feng Wan, Chong Lv, Yong-Tao Zhao, Zhong-Feng Xu, and Jian-Xing LiNumerical simulations show that highly-polarized dense positron beams can be generated during single-shot interaction of a strong laser with a tilted solid foil by carefully controlling the angle of incidence of the laser on the target. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 131, 175101] Published Tue Oct 24, 2023
Positron―surface interactions generate positive molecular ions via formation of positronic compounds, opening doors to generating novel molecular ions.
The interaction between solid matter and positron (the antiparticle of electron) has provided important insights across a variety of disciplines, including atomic physics, materials science, elementary particle physics, and medicine. However, the experimental generation of positronic compounds by bombardment of positrons onto surfaces has proved challenging. In a new study, researchers detect molecular ion desorption from the surface of an ionic crystal when bombarded with positrons and propose a model based on positronic compound generation to explain their results.
The positron, the antiparticle of the electron, has the same mass and charge as that of an electron but with the sign flipped for the charge. It is an attractive particle for scientists because the use of positrons has led to important insights and developments in the fields of elementary particle physics, atomic physics, materials science, astrophysics, and medicine.
A substance called antimatter is at the heart of one of the greatest mysteries of the universe. We know that every particle has an antimatter companion that is virtually identical to itself, but with the opposite charge. When a particle and its antiparticle meet, they annihilate each other—disappearing in a burst of light.
For the first time, scientists have observed antimatter particles—the mysterious twins of the visible matter all around us—falling downwards due to the effect of gravity, Europe's physics lab CERN announced on Wednesday.
For those still holding out hope that antimatter levitates rather than falls in a gravitational field, like normal
Since the discovery of antimatter decades ago, particle physicists have wondered if these particles were repulsed by gravity. Einstein predicted that despite having opposite charges to its regular matter counterparts, antimatter should still behave like matter does concerning gravity. This has been tricky to confirm experimentally since it's hard to make enough antimatter to observe its behavior. Particle physicists have finally pulled it off, using the ALPHA-g experiment at CERN, generating antihydrogen atoms and then dropping them in a 3-meter tall vertical shaft. The post It's Official, Antimatter Falls Down in Gravity, Not Up appeared first on Universe Today.
A substance called antimatter is at the heart of one of the greatest mysteries of the universe. We know that every particle has an antimatter companion that is virtually identical to itself, but with the opposite charge. When a particle and its antiparticle meet, they annihilate each other—disappearing in a burst of light. Our current […]
For the first time, in a unique laboratory experiment at CERN, researchers have observed individual atoms of antihydrogen fall under the effects of gravity. In confirming antimatter and regular matter are gravitationally attracted, the finding rules out gravitational repulsion as the reason why antimatter is largely missing from the observable universe.
New research showing that elusive antimatter falls downward toward the Earth proves Albert Einstein right yet again.
Author(s): Allison GaspariniThe first direct observations of antihydrogen atoms falling in Earth’s gravity show that they experience gravity in the same way as ordinary matter does. [Physics 16, 167] Published Wed Sep 27, 2023
In a blow for the hopes of antigravity machines, the first ever test of how antimatter responds to gravity confirms it falls down, not up
In theory, physicists knew that antimatter should behave just like matter under gravity’s pull. But until now, no one had ever seen it happen
Consider it good news, physicists say: “The opposite result would have had big implications.”
Test confirms that gravity pulls the same on hydrogen and antihydrogen
In the 95 years we’ve known about antimatter, physicists have not tested how the elusive inverse of ordinary matter is affected by gravity, the force that pulls masses to Earth and seems to affect all things in the classical realm. Read more...
The elusive substance holds the key to discovering how the Universe was formed.
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For those still holding out hope that antimatter levitates rather than falls in a gravitational field, like normal matter, the results of a new experiment are a dose of cold reality.